In 2011 Geofrey Moore introduced the concepts of systems of record (SoR) and systems of engagement (SoE). in his white paper «Systems of Engagement and the Future of Enterprise IT: A Sea Change in Enterprise IT,
These concepts represent a fundamental change or shift that CIOs need to worry about. The world has changed and now the way people and organizations connect themselves and collaborate requires new type of application that are customer driven. New technologies such as cloud, big data, analytic, mobile and social media make this possible. The traditional, enterprise-driven IT applications that are deployed in static infrastructure, use structured data and address specific needs such as financial transactions, order processing and human resources have come to an end.